To understand the flow field distribution inside the steam distributor, and to compare the distribution effect of the three vertical steam distributor and the three spheres steam distributor, the inside flow field was simulated by Fluent and the effect of density distribution, gas phase distribution and velocity field on steam distribution was analyzed. From the results of numerical simulation, it can be seen that, in the process of steam dryness and flow distribution, three ball steam distributor is better than three vertical distributor. The establishment of a three spherical steam distributor provides a reference for the construction of actual field operations and high temperature and high pressure spherical distributor.

The research status of C ₄olefin polymerization at home and abroad is briefly described, and the chemical utilization ways of C ₄ olefins are summarized combining with the progress of relevant technology. Isobutylene was used as an example to introduce the chemical reaction mechanism of the oligomerization; the catalytic properties and research situation of solid phosphoric acid catalyst, zeolite catalyst are emphatically described. According to the present situation of the utilization of low carbon olefins in China, the development prospects and suggestions of C ₄ are put forward.

Copper tungstate was prepared by direct precipitation method at room temperature. The sample was treated with high temperature calcination and activation with hydrogen peroxide in order to improve the oxidative desulfurization activity. Then the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model oil was carried out using the activated CuWO4 as catalyst, hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, and imidazolium fluoroborate ionic liquid as extracting agent．The reaction conditions，including temperature, amount of catalyst and oxidant, types of extractant and sulfides were also studied．The results indicate the optimized desulfurization conditions of 0.4 mL of hydrogen peroxide, 0.02 g of catalyst, imidazole tetrafluoroborate as the extractant at 70 ℃ for 60 min, and the desulfurization rate can reach 93%. In addition, the desulfurization rate remains above 82% when the catalyst was reused for five times.

The research of shutdown temperature drop rule in heated oil pipeline was the primary condition to ensure the safe restarts of the pipeline. According to the characteristics of service environments of submarine oil pipeline, based on the theory of porous media heat transfer, the submarine soil moistureheat coupling equation was established. Regularity of change of oil temperature was simulated in submarine pipeline during shutdown with time by software．The factors of effecting，such as thermal insulation layer, temperature of seepage flow and speed of seepage flow and so on，were analyzed，which decided a rational time for shutdown and provided a theoretical guidance for safe submarine oil pipeline startup．

Being aimed at the problem of contaminated oil in batch transportation of the same gasoline and diesel on different density condition during product oil flowing through the downhill and uphill, with the help of VOF model, the numerical calculation of threedimensional flow model was established. The influence of contaminated oil from different sequence，density，pipe range on boundary layer region was researched on the uphill and downhill road. The results showed that for uphill pipeline the length of the mixed oil of forward diesel was longer than forward gasoline，and the mixed oil volume of forward diesel was greater than forward gasoline. For downhill pipeline the length of the mixed oil of forward gasoline was longer than forward diesel and the mixed oil volume was greater than forward diesel. During forward the same gasoline and trailing diesel for different density diesel, the smaller density could help reduce mixed oil volume.

The pretreatment of spent lubricating oil to remove part of the water and impurities was carried out firstly, then the flash device are used for further removal of water, followed by the distillation in atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. A lowfreezingpoint, high stable light diesel were produced in the atmospheric distillation zone; different kinds of lubricating base oils which are all available resources were produced by vacuum distillation segment combined with complex agent refiningalkaline cleaningclay refining process. Additives were added finally to improve the oil quality. The additional purification process conditions were identified: the mass fraction of acid solvent 4.5% which contains the mass fraction complexing agent 1.5% for pickling; 1% NaOH aqueous solution with its mass fraction of 40% were added for alkaline cleaning at 40 ℃, then 3% clay was added and stirred for 25～30 min at the temperature less than 120 ℃. This processing technology not only reduces the pollution effectively, but also greatly improves the reutilization of waste oil.

In regions of complex terrain, refined oil will inevitably pass after elevation, shutdown, such as downhill different path. The pipe inclination angle and shutdown time of downhill pipeline blending have a great influence on mixed oil characteristics. Using CFD multiphase flow model and studying three-dimensional inclined pipe, on the shutdown time, angle and sequence transportation on mixed oil characteristics were numerically simulated respectively. The results of the study show that before shutdown while the forward gasoline and backward diesel, the dip angle is bigger, the mixed oil quantity is less; the inclination angle is smaller, it is more prone to mixed oil. When the forward diesel and backward gas ,contaminated tail is longer and the inclination angle is bigger, the mixed oil quantity is bigger while the inclination angle is smaller, the mixed oil quantity is less but there is less effect on the mixed oil. The inclination angle has greater influence on the former than the latter.After shutdown, the longer the time of shutdown is, the more the mixed oil is with the equal angle. With the same time, the bigger the angle is, the greater the mixed oil. While the forward diesel and backward gasoline, with the shutdown time prolonging the mixed oil quantity is more and more uniform. When the inclination angle and the angle of pipeline is the same, shutdown time and angle has greater influence on the condition of the forward gasoline and the backward diesel.

The phenomenon of the oilwater two phase mixed flow is often encountered in the gathering and transportation pipeline, and the study of its pressure variation is important for the gathering pipeline design and operation. Using VOF model to simulate numerically the oilwater two phase flow in bend duct of oilfield surface gathering pipe under different moisture content of crude oil and fluid velocity. Through the analysis of the calculation results, it was known that the moisture content of two phase flow and flow velocity has great influence on the pressure drop in bend duct. With the increase of moisture content, the two phase flow pressure in bend duct increases.The elbow inner wall pressure is reduced while the speed increases, the outer wall of the pressure increases while the rate decreases. While increasing the flow rate, the high moisture content of the oilwater two phase pressure drop first decreases and then increases.

The researches on Kazakhstan oil-wet oil sand were carried out by the solvent extraction method, from which the best solvent was found out. The influences of oil sand particle, the weight ratio of oil sand, the solvent type, and the extraction time of the oil yield were discussed in the experiment. When naphtha was chose as the solvent with the oil sand size blow 40 mesh, the ratio of solvent and oil sand fixed at about 4∶1, and the reaction time about 10 min at room temperate. The recovery yield of oil from oil sand is above 98%. The experiment is instructive to oil-wet oil sand separation.

The weight percentage of Fe2+ can be determined with 1,10-phenanthroline as chromogenic agent, and Fe2+ would be oxidized by bromate to Fe3+ and then 1,10-phenanthroline faded. Therefore, the content of bromate in water can be indirectly determined according to the stoichiometry amount of Fe2+. The linear range, detection limit, recovery, chromogenic conditions were studied and found that the recovery is 92.5%～108.7%, detection limit is 15～36 ng/L, the precision is less than 0.312.

Taking crude oil from Inner Mongolia oil sands as an example, dehydration by adding demulsifier and heating settlement combined methods are used to study the optimum operation conditions. The results show that water can be effective removed from the oil-sands oil at 90 ℃ for 5 h, and the water content can be reduced to 1%.

MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), is an additive with high octane number (RON118, MON101), low vapor pressure and similar calorific value with the hydrocarbon, it can be with methanol gasoline miscible in any proportion and can increase the tolerance on water and layered ability of methanol gasoline. According to vehicle M15 methanol gasoline local standard, the influence of methanol and MTBE dosages on vehicle gasoline properties was studied to blend new M15 vehicle methanol gasoline which can reach the requirements of automobile engine usability. The results show that when the addition of MTBE is 50%, water tolerance of M15 is about 3.0%, and 1.5% water content of M15 is not layered in condition of -38 ℃.

The oxidation of vacuum residue of Russian fuel oil M100 was studied with self-made device for 10 h under the oxidation temperatures 225 and 250 ℃ with the ventilation capacity of 0.2 m3/(h•kg). The results show that three asphalt of oxidized samples can meet well with technical requirements of road asphalt (JTG F40-2004) for 130#C, the standard grade of asphalt and bitumen and 110#C grade standards. A modifier SBS was added with the weight ratio of 1% to 5%, and the MAW-1-type stabilizer was also added with the mass ratio of stabilizers to SBS 1∶(10~15). Two polymer modified bitumen were in line with the standard of the SBS class I-A in the technical requirements (JTG F40-2004).

 

A high efficient decalcification agent without phosphorus or metal included was developed for Liaohe crude oil with high calcium content. The calcium contents in the crude oil before and after decalcification were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Influences of decalcification agent to calcium radio, water injection amount, working temperature, time for sedimentation and reaction were studied. The results show that when the decalcification agent dosage is 0.6, filling water ratio is 10%, reaction temperature is 90 ℃，the time for settlement is 10 h and reacting time is 5 min, the decalcification rate of Liaohe crude can reach more than 90%.